What is Stomach Cancer?

Stomach cancer, also known as gastric cancer, begins in the lining of the stomach. It can develop in any part of the stomach and may spread to other parts of the body if not detected early. Early-stage stomach cancer often shows no symptoms, which makes it difficult to diagnose until it reaches more advanced stages.

Global Statistics (2024)

• Over 1 million new cases are diagnosed globally each year.
• It is the fifth most common cancer worldwide and the third leading cause of cancer-related deaths.
• Survival rates are higher when detected early, with 5-year survival rates of approximately 30% in the U.S. for advanced stages.

Types of Stomach Cancer

• Adenocarcinoma: The most common type, originating in the mucus-producing cells of the stomach lining.
• Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumor (GIST): A rare cancer originating in the muscle or connective tissue of the stomach.
• Lymphoma: A rare cancer that starts in the lymphatic tissue of the stomach.
• Carcinoid Tumor: A rare tumor that begins in hormone-producing cells of the stomach.

Symptoms of Stomach Cancer

• Indigestion or a feeling of fullness after eating small amounts of food
• Unexplained weight loss
• Persistent nausea or vomiting
• Pain in the stomach area
• Loss of appetite
• Bloody or black stools

Risk Factors

• Age (most common in people over 60)
• Helicobacter pylori infection
• Diet rich in salted, smoked, or pickled foods
• Smoking and alcohol consumption
• Family history of stomach cancer
• Previous stomach surgery or chronic inflammation of the stomach lining

Diagnosis and Screening

• Endoscopy: A procedure that uses a flexible tube with a camera to look at the stomach lining.
• Biopsy: A sample of tissue is taken during an endoscopy to check for cancer cells.
• CT Scan: A detailed imaging test to determine if cancer has spread to other organs.
• Endoscopic Ultrasound (EUS): An advanced technique to stage the cancer and assess its spread.

Treatment Options

• Surgery: The most common treatment for early-stage stomach cancer, which may involve partial or total removal of the stomach.
• Chemotherapy: Often used to shrink the tumor before surgery or to kill remaining cancer cells after surgery.
• Radiation Therapy: Occasionally used in combination with chemotherapy for advanced stomach cancer.
• Targeted Therapy: Drugs that specifically target cancer cells based on genetic factors, such as HER2-targeted treatments.
• Immunotherapy: A promising treatment that boosts the body’s immune system to attack cancer cells, particularly in advanced or metastatic cases.

Latest Advancements in Stomach Cancer

• Targeted Therapy: Targeted drugs like **trastuzumab** (Herceptin) focus on HER2-positive gastric cancer cells, improving treatment outcomes with fewer side effects.
• Immunotherapy: Checkpoint inhibitors like **nivolumab** (Opdivo) and **pembrolizumab** (Keytruda) are proving effective for advanced stages, especially in patients with specific genetic markers.
• Minimally Invasive Surgery: Advances in laparoscopic and robot-assisted surgeries allow for smaller incisions, faster recovery, and less pain.
• Early Detection: New blood tests and biomarkers are being researched for earlier diagnosis, increasing survival chances significantly.
• Genetic Testing: Genetic profiling of stomach tumors allows for personalized treatments based on individual genetic makeup, improving efficacy.
• H. pylori Eradication: Efforts to develop vaccines to prevent **Helicobacter pylori** infection are underway, which could significantly lower stomach cancer risk.

Prevention and Early Detection

• Eat a balanced diet, limit smoked and pickled foods, and avoid excessive alcohol.
• Quit smoking to reduce the risk of stomach cancer.
• If you have chronic gastritis or a family history, consult your doctor about screening options.
• Eradicate **H. pylori** infection with antibiotics if necessary to reduce risk.

Survival Rates and Prognosis

• Localized (early-stage): ~70% 5-year survival rate
• Regional spread: ~30% 5-year survival
• Distant metastasis: ~5% 5-year survival
• Early detection is key for improving survival rates, especially for localized stomach cancer.

Living with Stomach Cancer

Living with stomach cancer often involves physical, emotional, and nutritional support. Following surgery, some people may face challenges like weight loss, digestion issues, and changes in appetite. Survivorship programs, support groups, and nutritional counseling can help improve quality of life during recovery.

Stomach Cancer Awareness Month

Stomach Cancer Awareness Month is observed to raise awareness about stomach cancer, promote early detection, and encourage more research funding. Wear burgundy to show your support.

You Are Not Alone

Whether you’re at the beginning of your journey or have completed treatment, Tutti Cancer Warriors stands with you. We honor every warrior and are here to provide support, resources, and encouragement every step of the way.

“Your strength is greater than any storm — and your dreams still matter.” – Tutti Cancer Warriors

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Disclaimer: This information is intended for educational purposes and should not replace medical advice from healthcare professionals. Always consult your doctor for diagnosis and treatment options.