Cervical Cancer
Prevention and Cause
Warning Signs
- Vaginal bleeding after sexual intercourse.
- Unusual vaginal discharge, which may be watery, thick, or foul-smelling.
- Pelvic pain or pain during intercourse.
- Vaginal bleeding between menstrual periods.
- Vaginal bleeding after menopause.
- Fatigue, weight loss, or back pain in advanced stages.
Therapeutic Options
Surgery (Conization or Hysterectomy)
Concurrent Chemoradiation
Sources and medical information
Prepared by Tutti Cancer Warriors
Sources checked: 29 July 2026
This page provides general educational information. It does not replace medical advice, diagnosis, screening or treatment from a qualified healthcare professional. Persistent infection with high-risk human papillomavirus (HPV) causes almost all cervical cancers, but most HPV infections clear without causing cancer. HPV vaccination and screening according to national guidance can prevent many cases or find precancerous changes before they become cancer. Early cervical cancer may cause no symptoms. Contact a healthcare professional about unusual vaginal bleeding, including bleeding after sex, between periods or after menopause, unusual or foul-smelling vaginal discharge, persistent pelvic or back pain, pain during sex or another persistent change. IARC and WHO estimate about 604,000 new cervical cancer cases and 280,000 deaths worldwide in 2024. These population figures cannot predict an individual outcome; prognosis and treatment depend on the cancer type, stage, overall health, access to timely care and response to treatment.
Official sources
- World Health Organization — Cervical cancer fact sheet
- World Health Organization — Cervical cancer screening and prevention guidance
- National Cancer Institute — Cervical Cancer: Patient Version
- National Cancer Institute — Cervical Cancer Symptoms
- National Cancer Institute — Cervical Cancer Treatment