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Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumour (GIST)
A type of soft-tissue sarcoma that begins in the wall of the gastrointestinal tract, most often the stomach or small intestine.
Understanding GIST
A gastrointestinal stromal tumour is a biologically distinct sarcoma that forms in the tissues of the digestive tract. GISTs most often begin in the stomach or small intestine. Their behaviour ranges from very small, slow-growing tumours to aggressive disease. Tumour size, location, cell-division rate and molecular findings help determine risk and treatment.
Possible signs and symptoms
- Blood in the stool or black, tar-like stools
- Vomiting blood or material resembling coffee grounds
- Persistent abdominal pain or discomfort
- Feeling full after eating a small amount
- A new abdominal lump or swelling
- Fatigue, weakness or anaemia
Treatment and care
Treatment depends on whether the tumour can be removed, its risk features, molecular alterations, spread and previous treatment. GIST should be managed by a team familiar with sarcoma and targeted therapy.
Surgery and monitoring
Surgery is often used for a localised tumour that can be safely removed. Very small, low-risk tumours may sometimes be monitored, while follow-up imaging is important after treatment.
Targeted therapy
Tyrosine kinase inhibitors such as imatinib and other targeted medicines may be used before or after surgery, or for unresectable, metastatic or recurrent GIST. Molecular testing helps guide the choice.
Sources and medical information
Sources checked: 28 July 2026
This page provides general educational information and does not replace specialist advice. Blood in vomit, black stools, severe abdominal pain, fainting or rapidly worsening weakness can require urgent medical care. GIST is different from the more common cancers that begin in the lining of the stomach or bowel.
Official sources
Key Facts
StomachOne of the most common places where GIST begins
TargetedTyrosine kinase inhibitors are central treatments for many GISTs