Overview
Uncommon in developed nations. Risk factors include HPV infection, not being circumcised, phimosis, smoking, and poor hygiene. Most are squamous cell carcinomas.
Visible Symptoms
- A lump, ulcer, or sore on the penis that doesn't heal.
- Changes in penis skin color or thickness.
- Reddish or velvety rash under foreskin.
- Persistent or smelly discharge under foreskin.
- Bleeding from penis or under foreskin.
- Swelling in the groin (lymph nodes).
Treatments
Goal is eliminating cancer while preserving as much function and appearance as possible.
Surgery (e.g., Mohs Surgery)
Precise removal of tumor layer by layer to save healthy tissue.
Radiation & Topical Therapy
For very early stage cancers or as adjunct to surgery.
Sources and medical information
Prepared by Tutti Cancer Warriors
Sources checked: 29 July 2026
This page provides general educational information and does not replace medical advice, diagnosis or treatment. Penile cancer may appear as a persistent skin change, lump, sore, thickening, bleeding, discharge or swelling. Seek medical advice for a penile lesion that does not heal or another persistent change. Persistent high-risk HPV and tobacco use are important risk factors. The global figures are GLOBOCAN 2024 estimates published in July 2026 and cannot predict an individual outcome.
Official sources
Key Facts
35KLatest estimated new cases worldwide — 2024 data published in 2026
12KLatest estimated deaths worldwide — 2024 data published in 2026