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Skin Cancer (Melanoma)
The most serious type of skin cancer, developing in the cells that produce melanin.
What is Melanoma?
Melanoma originates in melanocytes (pigment cells). It is less common than other skin cancers but more dangerous because it's more likely to spread (metastasize) if not treated early. UV exposure is the main cause.
The ABCDE Rule
- A: Asymmetry (one half of the mole doesn't match the other).
- B: Border irregularity, uneven or blurred edges.
- C: Color varied (shades of brown, black, sometimes red or blue).
- D: Diameter larger than 6mm (pencil eraser size).
- E: Evolving (change in size, shape, or color over time).
- Any sore that doesn't heal or mole that itches/bleeds.
Modern Treatments
Surgery is the main treatment for early-stage melanomas. Advanced cases require systemic therapies.
Surgical Excision
Removing the melanoma and a margin of healthy skin around it.
Immunotherapy & Targeted Therapy
Drugs that boost the immune system or target specific genetic mutations.
Sources and medical information
Prepared by Tutti Cancer Warriors
Sources checked: 28 July 2026
This page provides general educational information. It does not replace medical advice, diagnosis or treatment from a qualified healthcare professional. Melanoma does not always follow the ABCDE pattern. Contact a healthcare professional about a new or changing mole, an unusual skin lesion, bleeding, itching or another persistent skin change. Prognosis varies by stage, tumour thickness, ulceration and other individual factors. NCI SEER reports 94.7% five-year relative survival in the United States across all stages combined for 2016–2022; this population statistic cannot predict an individual outcome.
Official sources
Detection
330KNew melanoma cases globally in 2022 (IARC estimate)
Almost 60KMelanoma deaths globally in 2022 (IARC estimate)