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Urethral Cancer
A rare cancer that begins in the urethra, the tube carrying urine from the bladder out of the body.
Understanding urethral cancer
Urethral cancer begins in cells lining the urethra. Different cell types can be involved, and the location and depth of the tumour strongly affect treatment. It is distinct from bladder cancer, although a history of bladder cancer and chronic urethral inflammation can increase risk.
Possible signs and symptoms
- Blood in the urine or bleeding from the urethra
- Difficulty starting urine flow
- A weak, interrupted or narrowed urine stream
- Frequent urination or urinary leakage
- Discharge from the urethra
- A lump or thickening in the groin, penis or perineum
Treatment and care
Treatment depends on tumour location, cell type, depth, spread, sex, bladder involvement and overall health. Care often involves urology, oncology and radiation specialists.
Local treatment and surgery
Small superficial tumours may be treated with transurethral removal, laser treatment or local excision. Larger or deeper tumours may require more extensive surgery and urinary reconstruction.
Radiation and systemic treatment
Radiation therapy, chemotherapy or combined treatment may be used, particularly for invasive, proximal or recurrent disease. Active surveillance is suitable only in selected situations.
Sources and medical information
Sources checked: 28 July 2026
Urinary symptoms and bleeding have many possible causes, including infection, stones and benign obstruction. Visible blood, persistent discharge or worsening difficulty passing urine should be assessed promptly. Inability to urinate, heavy bleeding, fever with urinary blockage or severe pain needs urgent care.
Official sources
Key Facts
UrethraThe cancer begins in the tube carrying urine out of the body
RareUrethral cancer is uncommon and may involve different cell types